MACHINE MODELING AND SIMULATIONS, Machine modeling and simulations 2020

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Numerical simulation of tram collision with pedestrian
Stanislav Špirk, Jan Špicka, Jan Vychytil

Last modified: 10. 05. 2023

Abstract


This paper is focused on the field of traffic passive safety. The main point of this research is to reduce the severity of the consequences of a collision between tram and pedestrian. The collision scenario is chosen/specified/selected based on statistical data of local research in Czech Republic. The selected collision scenario consists of the tram with the initial velocity equaling to 20 km/h,  initial position of the pedestrian with respect to the front-end of tram is the standing medium-sized adult male (50 th percentile) without initial velocity. : Head Injury Criterion (HIC) is evaluated for the pedestrian with the maximum threshold value equal to 1000. The explicit finite element code Virtual Performance solution (VPS) and human body model Virthuman were used for the simulations. The simulation phenomena is connected with structural dynamics, large deformations and contact definitions. The material behavior must be considered as nonlinear with rapture definition. The key point of this model is a proper definition of plastic material used as a cover sheet for tram front-end and the front windshield with two layers of glass and PVB foil. The numerical model also contains basic definition of glued joints (between polymer cover sheet and steel body frame) with rupture criterion. The main goal of this study is to provide the information about safety performance in specific scenario for new developed tram vehicle.